Exetat Anglais 2023
Question 1
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
1. According to the text, the role of the manager in an industry is to:
La bonne réponse est : b. Direct the work.
Explication
La réponse se trouve dans le troisième paragraphe du texte qui définit les responsabilités au sein d'une entreprise moderne :
Le texte stipule : "At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business..." (À la tête se trouve un gestionnaire qui dirige ou gère l'entreprise).
Analyse des termes : Les verbes "to run" ou "to manage" dans ce contexte sont synonymes de "to direct" (diriger/orienter le travail).
Élimination des autres options :
c et d : Le texte indique que ce sont les machines qui fabriquent les objets et que les matières premières se trouvent dans la nature.
e : Le travail manuel est réservé aux ouvriers (workmen who do manual work), pas au manager.
a : Le texte ne mentionne pas spécifiquement la gestion des comptes (accounts) comme rôle principal du manager.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
2. ......is the raw material to make knives.
The missing work to complete this sentence is:
La bonne réponse est : d. Steel
Explication
La réponse se trouve explicitement dans le deuxième paragraphe du texte fourni :
Le texte indique : "...the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel..." (l'industrie principale est celle de l'acier ; les outils, les couteaux et les machines sont faits d'acier).
Analyse : Le texte établit un lien direct entre la fabrication des couteaux (knives) et la matière première qu'est l'acier (steel).
Incohérence des autres options : Bien que le coton (cotton), le bois (wood) et le charbon (coal) soient mentionnés dans le premier paragraphe comme ressources naturelles, le texte précise qu'ils servent à d'autres usages (le bois et le coton poussent sur terre, le charbon est extrait) et ne sont pas associés à la fabrication des couteaux dans ce contexte.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
3. Match the words in
column (I):
1. Factory
2. Agreement
3. Employer
4. Iron
5. Workmen
with their meanings in
column (II) :
a. metal for making tools
b. written or spoken arrangement
c. employed persons
d. person who gives works to others
e. workshop to make things
to make the right combination:
Réponse correcte:
La bonne réponse est la combinaison 1 : 1e, 2b, 3d, 4a, 5c.
Explication
Pour trouver la bonne combinaison, il faut faire correspondre chaque mot de la colonne I avec sa définition exacte dans la colonne II, en s'appuyant sur le contexte du texte fourni :
1. Factory = e. workshop to make things : Une usine est un atelier ou un bâtiment où l'on fabrique des objets (le texte mentionne "large factories" pour la production de masse).
2. Agreement = b. written or spoken arrangement : Un accord est un arrangement, écrit ou oral, entre deux parties (le texte mentionne que les employeurs et les travailleurs essaient de "come to an agreement" après une grève).
3. Employer = d. person who gives works to others : L'employeur est la personne (ou l'entité) qui fournit du travail à autrui.
4. Iron = a. metal for making tools : Le fer est un métal utilisé pour fabriquer des outils (le texte le cite comme matière première extraite de la terre).
5. Workmen = c. employed persons : Les ouvriers sont les personnes employées pour effectuer le travail, généralement manuel.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
4. Indicate the sentence which fits with the content of the third paragraph above.
La bonne réponse est : b. There is a group of persons who help the leader.
Explication
Pour répondre à cette question, il faut analyser spécifiquement le troisième paragraphe du texte :
1. Identification du "Leader" : Le texte désigne le manager comme étant à la tête de l'entreprise (At the head is a manager).
2. La structure de soutien : Le paragraphe décrit ensuite toute une hiérarchie de personnes travaillant sous ses ordres : "under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen...". Cela confirme qu'il existe bien un groupe de personnes qui assistent et aident le dirigeant dans la gestion de l'industrie.
3. Pourquoi les autres options ne conviennent pas au paragraphe 3 :
a : Cette idée générale est évoquée au début du texte (paragraphe 1), pas dans le troisième.
c : C'est le contraire de ce que dit le texte ; les ingénieurs font partie du personnel sous la direction du manager.
d : Cette information sur les accords et les grèves se trouve dans le quatrième paragraphe.
e : La mécanisation est mentionnée dans le deuxième paragraphe.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
5. The idea that the employees claim for better salaries can be found on the paragraph (s):
La bonne réponse est : a. Four
Explication
L'idée que les employés réclament de meilleurs salaires est développée exclusivement dans le quatrième paragraphe du texte :
Le texte précise : "The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that their wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise." (Les ouvriers reçoivent leur salaire chaque mois. Lorsqu'ils pensent que leur salaire est trop bas, ils demandent une augmentation à leur employeur).
Vocabulaire clé : Les termes "wages" (salaire) et "rise" (augmentation) sont directement liés à la notion de "claim for better salaries" (réclamation de meilleurs salaires) mentionnée dans la question.
Analyse des autres paragraphes :
Paragraph 1 : Parle du but de l'industrie et des matières premières.
Paragraph 2 : Traite de la production de masse et de l'industrie de l'acier.
Paragraph 3 : Décrit l'organisation hiérarchique et le rôle du manager.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
6. "It" in the "" in the text replaces (the):
La bonne réponse est : c. factory
Explication
Pour identifier ce que remplace le pronom "it", il faut regarder la phrase où il est souligné dans le troisième paragraphe du texte :
Le passage du texte : "In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled it completely.".
Analyse grammaticale : Le pronom personnel "it" est utilisé en anglais pour remplacer un nom singulier désignant une chose ou un objet inanimé. Dans cette phrase, le seul nom singulier qui subit l'action d'être contrôlé (controlled) par le fabricant (manufacturer) est "factory" (l'usine).
Pourquoi les autres options sont fausses :
Goods (a), raw materials (b) et workmen (d) sont des noms au pluriel ; ils auraient été remplacés par "them".
Industry (e) est mentionné plus tôt dans la phrase, mais le sens direct de la proposition porte sur la possession et le contrôle de l'unité de production spécifique, soit la factory.
7. I'm going to visit the Zoo ... the afternoon. The correct word to complete this sentence is:
La bonne réponse est : e. in
Explication
Cette question teste votre maîtrise des prépositions de temps utilisées pour les moments de la journée.
1. La règle "In the..." : En anglais, on utilise systématiquement la préposition "in" suivie de l'article défini "the" pour désigner les trois moments principaux de la journée :
In the morning (le matin)
In the afternoon (l'après-midi)
In the evening (le soir)
2. Pourquoi les autres options sont incorrectes :
At (c) : On utilise "at" pour des moments très précis (ex: at 3 o'clock) ou pour l'exception "at night".
On (a) : On utilise "on" uniquement si le moment est rattaché à un jour précis (ex: on Monday afternoon). Sans le jour, c'est "in".
For (b) : Indique une durée (for two hours), pas un moment de la journée.
After (d) : Bien qu'il soit possible de dire "after the afternoon", cela changerait le sens de la phrase et n'est pas l'expression standard pour situer une action dans ce créneau horaire.
8. If I had gone downtown, I ... bought a nice shirt.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb.
La bonne réponse est : d. would have
Explication
Cette phrase est un exemple du Third Conditional (Conditionnel de type 3), utilisé pour exprimer une situation imaginaire dans le passé qui ne s'est pas réalisée.
1. Analyse de la structure : La règle grammaticale pour ce type de condition est :
If + Past Perfect (had + participe passé), would have + participe passé
La condition (If-clause) : "If I had gone downtown". On utilise bien le Past Perfect du verbe to go.
La conséquence (Main clause) : Pour compléter la phrase, nous avons besoin de l'auxiliaire du conditionnel passé. Comme le participe passé "bought" est déjà présent dans la phrase, il faut ajouter "would have" devant.
2. Pourquoi les autres options sont fausses :
Would (a) : Seul, il formerait un conditionnel présent, ce qui est incompatible avec un "if" au Past Perfect.
Will (c) : S'utilise pour le futur (Type 1), pas pour une hypothèse passée.
Had (e) / Hadn't (b) : Ce sont des auxiliaires du passé, mais ils ne permettent pas de former la structure de conséquence d'une condition irréelle.
9. Match the words in
column (I):
1. Teach
2. Tired
3. That
4. Till
5. Tool
with their transcription in
column (II) :
a. /taɪəd/
b. /tiːtʃ/
c. /tuːl/
d. /ðæt/
e. /tɪl/
to make the correct association:
La bonne réponse est la combinaison 2 : 1b, 2a, 3d, 4e, 5c.
Explication
Cette question évalue votre connaissance de la transcription phonétique (Alphabet Phonétique International) des mots anglais. Voici le détail des correspondances :
1. Teach = b. /tiːtʃ/ : Le son "ea" se prononce comme un "i" long /iː/ et le "ch" final comme /tʃ/.
2. Tired = a. /taɪəd/ : Le "i" se prononce ici comme une diphtongue /aɪ/ suivie du son schwa /ə/ pour le suffixe "-ed".
3. That = d. /ðæt/ : Le "th" se prononce avec le son voisé /ð/ et le "a" est le son bref /æ/.
4. Till =e. /tɪl/ : Le "i" est ici un son bref et court /ɪ/.
5. Tool =c. /tuːl/ : Le double "oo" se prononce comme un "ou" long /uː/.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
1. According to the text, the role of the workmen in an industry is to:
La bonne réponse est : e. Work with the hands.
Explication
Pour trouver la réponse, il faut se référer à la fin du troisième paragraphe de l'ENGLISH TEXT :
Le texte définit les rôles ainsi : "...and a great number of workmen who do manual work.".
Analyse : Le terme "manual work" (travail manuel) correspond directement à l'expression "Work with the hands" (travailler avec les mains).
Pourquoi les autres options sont fausses :
a. Deal with accounts : C'est généralement le rôle des comptables ou des employés de bureau (clerks).
b. Direct the work : C'est le rôle du manager (vu dans une question précédente).
c. Find raw materials : Le texte dit que l'homme trouve les matières premières dans la nature, mais n'attribue pas cette tâche spécifique aux ouvriers d'usine.
d. Make things by machines : Bien que les usines utilisent des machines, le texte distingue spécifiquement les ouvriers par leur aspect manuel.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
2. ...... is the raw material to make tables.
The missing work to complete this sentence is:
La bonne réponse est : b. Wood
Explication
Bien que le texte ne dise pas explicitement "on fait des tables avec du bois", la réponse se déduit par élimination et par association logique à partir du premier paragraphe :
Le contexte du texte : Le texte liste différentes matières premières que l'on trouve dans la nature : le bois (wood), le coton (cotton), le fer (iron) et le charbon (coal).
Logique de fabrication :
Le coton est utilisé pour le textile.
L'acier/fer est utilisé pour les outils et les couteaux.
Le charbon est un combustible.
Le bois (wood) est la matière première traditionnelle et logique mentionnée dans le texte pour la fabrication de meubles comme des tables.
Élimination : Le cuir (leather) n'est même pas mentionné dans le texte source.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
3. Match the words in
column (I):
1. Manufacture
2. Engeneer
3. Coal
4. Wood
5. Business
with their meanings in
column (II):
a. one's work or employment
b. mater of which a tree is made
c. who works with machinery
d. firm making goods by machines
. black material used for burning
to make the right combination
La bonne réponse est la combinaison 3 : 1d, 2c, 3e, 4b, 5a.
Explication
Pour résoudre cet exercice de correspondance, il faut lier chaque terme technique ou ressource à sa définition logique présente dans le texte :
1. Manufacture = d. firm making goods by machines : La manufacture (ou fabrication) désigne ici l'entreprise ou le processus de transformation des matières premières en produits finis grâce aux machines.
2. Engeneer = c. who works with machinery : L'ingénieur est le professionnel qualifié qui planifie le travail et supervise l'utilisation technique des machines.
3. Coal = e. black material used for burning : Le charbon est une matière noire extraite de la terre utilisée comme combustible (pour brûler/produire de l'énergie).
4. Wood = b. mater of which a tree is made : Le bois est la matière organique dont est constitué un arbre.
5. Business = a. one's work or employment : Le "business" désigne ici l'activité professionnelle, l'emploi ou l'entreprise que l'on gère.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
4. Indicate the sentence which fits with the content of the second paragraph above.
La bonne réponse est : e. Machines are replacing the manual work now.
Explication
Pour valider cette réponse, il faut relire attentivement le deuxième paragraphe du texte source :
Le passage clé : Le texte dit : "These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; they are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines.".
Analyse : Le texte oppose le passé ("used to be made by hand") au présent ("now"). Cette transition indique clairement que la fabrication manuelle (faite à la main) a été remplacée par une production industrielle automatisée grâce aux machines. L'assertion e reflète parfaitement ce changement technique décrit dans le paragraphe.
Pourquoi les autres options ne correspondent pas au paragraphe 2 :
a : C'est une idée générale du premier paragraphe.
b et c : Ces points concernent l'organisation hiérarchique détaillée dans le troisième paragraphe.
d : Ce sujet (les accords employeurs/travailleurs) est traité dans le quatrième paragraphe.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
5. The idea that the most of the people work with the hands can be found on the paragraph (s):
La bonne réponse est : c. three
Explication
L'idée que la majorité des gens (les ouvriers) travaillent avec leurs mains est mentionnée à la fin du troisième paragraphe du texte :
Le texte stipule : "...and a great number of workmen who do manual work.".
Analyse des termes : L'expression "great number of workmen" (un grand nombre d'ouvriers) correspond à "most of the people" (la plupart des gens/travailleurs) dans ce contexte industriel. Le terme "manual work" (travail manuel) est synonyme de "work with the hands" (travailler avec les mains).
Pourquoi les autres options sont exclues :
Paragraph 1 : Parle des besoins de l'homme et des types de matières premières.
Paragraph 2 : Se concentre sur la production de masse par les machines.
Paragraph 4 : Traite des salaires, des grèves et des accords entre patrons et employés.
TEXT
The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.
These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.
In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.
The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
6. "These" underlined the text replaces (the):
La bonne réponse est : b. raw materials
Explication
Pour identifier l'antécédent du pronom démonstratif "These", il faut se référer aux deux premières phrases du premier paragraphe du texte :
Le passage du texte : "Man finds in nature all the raw materials that he needs. These may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton...".
Analyse grammaticale : Le mot "These" est un démonstratif pluriel utilisé ici pour reprendre le nom pluriel mentionné juste avant : "raw materials" (les matières premières).
Confirmation par l'exemple : La phrase continue en citant des exemples de ces matières premières : le bois et le coton. Cela confirme que "These" se rapporte bien aux ressources naturelles (matières premières) et non aux produits finis (Goods) ou aux personnes (workmen).
7. I'm going to visit the Zoo ... four o'clock p.m.
The correct word to complete this sentence is:
La bonne réponse est : c. at.
Explication
Cette question porte sur les prépositions de temps en anglais.
La règle pour les heures précises : En anglais, on utilise systématiquement la préposition "at" lorsqu'on parle d'un moment précis de l'horloge (ex: four o'clock).
Pourquoi les autres options ne conviennent pas :
In (e) : S'utilise pour des périodes plus longues comme les mois, les années ou les parties de la journée (ex: in the afternoon).
On (a) : S'utilise pour les jours de la semaine et les dates précises (ex: on Monday).
For (b) : Indique une durée de temps (ex: for two hours), pas un point fixe sur l'horloge.
After (d) : Bien que grammaticalement possible pour dire "après 16h", ce n'est pas la préposition de temps standard utilisée dans ce type d'exercice pour désigner l'heure de rendez-vous ou d'action.
8. If I ... gone downtown, I would not have bought a nice shirt.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb.
La bonne réponse est : b. hadn't.
Explication
Cette phrase est un exemple du Third Conditional (Conditionnel de type 3), utilisé pour exprimer un regret ou une situation imaginaire dans le passé.
1. La structure du Third Conditional : La règle grammaticale est la suivante :
If + Past Perfect (had/hadn't + participe passé), would have + participe passé.
Analyse de la proposition principale : On lit "I would not have bought a nice shirt". Cette structure au conditionnel passé indique que la condition doit être au Past Perfect.
Analyse du sens : La phrase signifie : "Si je n'étais pas allé en ville, je n'aurais pas acheté une jolie chemise". Puisque l'action d'acheter a eu lieu, la condition pour qu'elle n'ait pas lieu doit être négative.
Choix de l'auxiliaire : Le participe passé "gone" est déjà présent. Il manque donc l'auxiliaire négatif du Past Perfect : "hadn't".
2. Pourquoi les autres options sont fausses :
Had (e) : Grammaticalement possible, mais changerait le sens ("Si j'étais allé... je n'aurais pas acheté"), ce qui est illogique ici.
Would (a) / Would have (d) : On n'utilise jamais "would" dans la partie de la phrase qui commence par "If".
Will (c) : C'est la marque du futur, incompatible avec un contexte passé.
9. Match the words in
column (I) :
1.There
2. These
3. Tire
4. Tooth
5. Tiger
with their transcription in
column (II):
a. /taɪə/
b. /ðiːz/
c. /tuːθ/
d. /taɪɡə/
e. /ðɛə/
to make the correct association:
La bonne réponse est la combinaison 1 : 1e, 2b, 3a, 4c, 5d.
Explication
Cette question évalue votre capacité à reconnaître les symboles de l'Alphabet Phonétique International (API) appliqués au vocabulaire anglais. Voici le détail des correspondances :
1. There = e. /ðɛə/ : Le "th" est voisé /ð/ et la voyelle est une diphtongue centrée /ɛə/.
2. These = b. /ðiːz/ : Le "th" est voisé /ð/, suivi d'un "i" long /iː/ et d'un son "z" final.
3. Tire = a. /taɪə/ : Le "i" se prononce comme la diphtongue /taɪ/ suivie du son neutre schwa /ə/.
4. Tooth = c. /tuːθ/ : Le double "oo" produit un son "ou" long /uː/ et le "th" final est sourd /θ/.
5. Tiger = d. /taɪɡə/ : On retrouve la diphtongue /aɪ/ pour le "i" et le son schwa /ə/ pour la terminaison finale.