Exetat Anglais 2023

TEXT


The purpose of industry is to produce goods for the use of men. Man finds in nature all the raw materials that the needs. "These" may be found growing on the earth, like wood or cotton, or they may have to be dug out of the earth, like iron and coal. But they must always be manufactured to provide us with the goods we need.

These goods used to be made by hand in small numbers; "they" are now mass-produced in large factories by all sorts of machines. The principal industries in a modern country vary with its natural resources and also its industrials traditions. It may be the chemical industry, or the textile industry or any other. But the main industry is that of steel; tools, knives and machinery are made of steel; steel is made in steel works.

In the beginnings of industry, a factory used to belong to one manufacturer only, who controlled "it" completely. Now, many of these industrial concerns have grown too big for one man. They belong to a company. At the head is a manager who runs, or manages the business, under him he has a staff of engineers and technicians who plan the work; clerks who work in the office; and a great number of workmen who do manual work.

The workmen receive their wages every month. When they think that "their" wages are too low, they ask their employer for a rise. If they do not get the rise that was asked for, they go on strike, that is, they stop working. Both employers and workers lose money when there is a strike; so both try to come to an agreement so that work may be resumed as soon as possible.


QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
1. According to the text, the role of the manager in an industry is to:

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